Dados es una de las principales publicaciones de ciencias sociales en América Latina. Creada en 1966, publica trabajos inéditos e innovadores, procedentes de investigaciones académicas, de autores brasileños y extranjeros. Editada por IESP-UERJ, tiene como objetivo conciliar el rigor científico y la excelencia académica con un énfasis en el debate público basado en el análisis de temas sustantivos en la sociedad y la política.
Dados vol. 31 n. 3 Rio de Janeiro 1988
Resumen
The paper examines computer and nuclear, technological development in Argentina and Brazil. The juxtaposition of the four resulting cases shows that political, institutional and cultural variables have played an important role in the choice made by these countries to pursue technological autonomy projects and in their subsequent successes and failures. While the study does not reject the notion that structural constraints and opportunities matter a great deal, the two successful cases - Argentina's nuclear energy and Brazil's computer industry - show that ideologically motivated groups of scientists and technocrats - referred to here as "guerrilhas" - who used state institutions as instruments for the achievement of their goal, were a necessary condition for the realization of opportunities and the overcoming of constraints. These actors were aided by a mixture of bureaucratic insulation and institutional centralization; a policy-making process that encouraged "low" level policy to reach the top levels of decision making; the active participation of local scientists and industry; strong military interests; the early development of a scientific and technological infrastructure; good timing, and a pragmatic approach. The role played by state institutions and intellectual elites in developing high technology in Argentina and Brazil also shows that states, far from being the "rational unitary actors" they are, thought to be, are historical entities, represented at any given time by a certain set of institutions whose ideologies and interests regarding technological development may not only differ but be independent of one another.
O Papel das Elites Políticas e Intelectuais e das Instituições no Desenvolvimento da Informática e da Energia Nuclear na Argentina e no Brasil
Português do Brasil
English