Dados é uma das principais e mais longevas publicações nas ciências sociais no Brasil. Criada em 1966, divulga trabalhos inéditos e inovadores, oriundos de pesquisa acadêmica, de autores brasileiros e estrangeiros. Editada pelo IESP-UERJ, é seu objetivo conciliar o rigor científico e a excelência acadêmica com ênfase no debate público a partir da análise de questões substantivas da sociedade e da política.
Dados vol. 31 n. 3 Rio de Janeiro 1988
Resumo
The paper examines computer and nuclear, technological development in Argentina and Brazil. The juxtaposition of the four resulting cases shows that political, institutional and cultural variables have played an important role in the choice made by these countries to pursue technological autonomy projects and in their subsequent successes and failures. While the study does not reject the notion that structural constraints and opportunities matter a great deal, the two successful cases - Argentina's nuclear energy and Brazil's computer industry - show that ideologically motivated groups of scientists and technocrats - referred to here as "guerrilhas" - who used state institutions as instruments for the achievement of their goal, were a necessary condition for the realization of opportunities and the overcoming of constraints. These actors were aided by a mixture of bureaucratic insulation and institutional centralization; a policy-making process that encouraged "low" level policy to reach the top levels of decision making; the active participation of local scientists and industry; strong military interests; the early development of a scientific and technological infrastructure; good timing, and a pragmatic approach. The role played by state institutions and intellectual elites in developing high technology in Argentina and Brazil also shows that states, far from being the "rational unitary actors" they are, thought to be, are historical entities, represented at any given time by a certain set of institutions whose ideologies and interests regarding technological development may not only differ but be independent of one another.
O Papel das Elites Políticas e Intelectuais e das Instituições no Desenvolvimento da Informática e da Energia Nuclear na Argentina e no Brasil
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